上次讲到了如何注入属性的值,如果将所有需要注入容器的值全部放入一个配置文件中,是否会让这个配置文件过于臃肿呢?
那么,就使用@PropertySource这个注解来拆分配置文件,改注解的作用是告诉Spring Boot需要导入的配置文件的位置。
老样子,先上pom.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
- <parent>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
- <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
- <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
- </parent>
- <groupId>cc_acme</groupId>
- <artifactId>springboot-split-properties</artifactId>
- <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
- <name>springboot-split-properties</name>
- <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
- <properties>
- <java.version>1.8</java.version>
- </properties>
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
- <optional>true</optional>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
- <scope>runtime</scope>
- <optional>true</optional>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- <build>
- <plugins>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
- </plugin>
- </plugins>
- </build>
- </project>
接着是配置文件application.properties,在这个配置文件中我只是加入了端口server.port=8080这个属性其实并没有作用,因为就是默认的,可以舍弃,加着只是方便看
- server.port=8080
再接着在resources目录下,与application.properties同级目录新建一个名为user.properties的配置文件
- user.id=1
- user.user-name=acme
- user.password=123
我们讲User类的值放在这个文件中,那么该如何将内容注入呢?
- package cc_acme.springbootsplitproperties.entity;
- import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
- /**
- * User entity
- *
- * @author acme
- * @ConfigurationProperties 注解用于标识注释参数 prefix标识对应的前缀
- * @Component 标识注入Spring容器中(只有注入Spring容器才能使用)
- */
- @PropertySource("classpath:user.properties")//加载指定的配置文件,也可以是数组导入多个配置文件
- @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "user")
- @Component
- public class User {
- private Integer id;
- private String userName;
- private String password;
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "User{" +
- "id=" + id +
- ", userName='" + userName + '\'' +
- ", password='" + password + '\'' +
- '}';
- }
- public Integer getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(Integer id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getUserName() {
- return userName;
- }
- public void setUserName(String userName) {
- this.userName = userName;
- }
- public String getPassword() {
- return password;
- }
- public void setPassword(String password) {
- this.password = password;
- }
- }
这个时候@PropertySource就产生了作用,最后来上测试类。
- package cc_acme.springbootsplitproperties;
- import cc_acme.springbootsplitproperties.entity.User;
- import org.junit.Test;
- import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
- import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
- @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
- @SpringBootTest
- public class SpringbootSplitPropertiesApplicationTests {
- @Autowired
- private User user;
- @Test
- public void contextLoads() {
- System.out.println(user);
- }
- }
看一下运行结果
属性的确注入其中了。
这个便是配置文件的简单拆分。
不过都到了这里,Spring Boot如何导入beans.xml呢?在很久很久以前,毕竟还是将值放入这个配置文件中的,下面又要用到一个新的注解,先卖个关子。
新建一个在resources目录下新建beans.xml文件
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
- <bean id="student" class="cc_acme.springbootsplitproperties.entity.Student">
- <property name="id" value="2"/>
- <property name="name" value="student"/>
- </bean>
- </beans>
在entity包下新建一个Student类
- package cc_acme.springbootsplitproperties.entity;
- /**
- * Student类
- *
- * @author acme
- */
- public class Student {
- private Integer id;
- private String name;
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "Student{" +
- "id=" + id +
- ", name='" + name + '\'' +
- '}';
- }
- public Integer getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(Integer id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- }
接着新建一个测试类StudentTest并且运行测试
- package cc_acme.springbootsplitproperties;
- import org.junit.Test;
- import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
- @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
- @SpringBootTest
- public class StudentTest {
- @Autowired
- ApplicationContext applicationContext;
- @Test
- public void testStudent() {
- System.out.println(applicationContext.containsBean("student"));
- }
- }
运行的测试结果如下:
并没有加载beans.xml文件,其中配置的对象未被加载到容器中。
这个时候就需要用到@ImportResource注解,并且讲该注解放到程序入口上。
- package cc_acme.springbootsplitproperties;
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
- @ImportResource("classpath:beans.xml")//也可以是数组导入多个配置文件
- @SpringBootApplication
- public class SpringbootSplitPropertiesApplication {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- SpringApplication.run(SpringbootSplitPropertiesApplication.class, args);
- }
- }
此时再运行测试类获取的结果
到了这里,其实还并没有结束。从上面那句很久很久以前就应该看出来,现在还有多少人愿意去用beans.xml配置文件?不是在很久很久以前,Spring Framework就已经开始官方建议使用注解来配置吗?再到后来的配置类。既然SpringBoot作为Spring现在主推的框架,官方会不推荐一波使用注解配置?
新建一个CustomerConfig配置类
- package cc_acme.springbootsplitproperties.config;
- import cc_acme.springbootsplitproperties.entity.Customer;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- /**
- * Customer配置类
- *
- * @author acme
- */
- @Configuration//标识当前类是一个配置类
- public class CustomerConfig {
- /**
- * @return customer
- * @Bean 注解用于标识该方法返回值添加到容器中,默认方法名便是id名
- */
- @Bean
- public Customer customer() {
- return new Customer();
- }
- }
在新建一个CustomerTest测试类
- package cc_acme.springbootsplitproperties;
- import org.junit.Test;
- import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
- @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
- @SpringBootTest
- public class CustomerTest {
- @Autowired
- ApplicationContext applicationContext;
- @Test
- public void testCustomer() {
- System.out.println(applicationContext.containsBean("customer"));
- }
- }
运行结果表明在容器中有customer这个bean,这也是现在Spring官方推荐的写法。